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A1995-015.Box23.0052T Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 23 / I-20-3	"Brooks County was created in 1911" Florence Schuts, Alice Echo News Feb. 16, 1986. Notes: No page given, Around 1872 there was another flurry of settlement. At least some of those who came then were sheep-ranchers as that is when wool production was an important industry. The wool market in the area prospered in the 1870's. J.H. Blaine was a trader in wool and hides when his store in Los Olmos was raided by bandits in 1874.
A1995-015.Box23.0052U Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 23 / I-20-3	Corpus Christi, a history and guide. Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Texas. (1942). [Corpus Christi] Corpus Christi Caller-Times, 1942. Notes: Pages 132-133, While this exciting and lucrative business throve on the prairies between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, another enterprise of the open spaces came into its own near Corpus Christi. In strange contrast with the noisy, dangerous occupation of the cowboys, on the fertile plains near the bayside town a gentle industry began to flourish-that of sheep raising. Although a few Spanish hacendados had kept flocks of sheep on their vast pastures, cattle had been favored because they required less care. In 1860 there were 35,000 head of sheep in Nueces County. But with the opening of the 1870's, the flocks of this area were increased tremendously, as the price of wool rose. Soon Nueces County was to lead in Texas in the number of sheep - it also, for many years, led the counties of the State in the number and value of cattle. Fencing, inaugurated by King and Kenedy, was to cause the decline of the sheep business, as the free range disappeared and cattlemen became convinced that sheep and cattle should not roam the same pastures.
A1995-015.Box23.0052V Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 23 / I-20-3	Mahan, W., & Dávila Padilla, A. (1967). Padre Island, treasure kingdom of the world. Waco, Tex., Texian Press, 1967. Notes: Page 97, The influex of immigrants brought many English settlers to the Texas shores and some of these settled on and near Padre. In England they had, as a business, the raising of sheep. This, too, was soon tried on Padre. The climate, which is usually warm to hot but with cold northers blowing in during the winter, proved too much for the sheep and they died by the hundred. Soon this, too, had passed into the limbo of things that might have been.
A1995-015.Box23.0052W Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 23 / I-20-3	Sweet, A. E., & Knox, J. A. (1883). On a Mexican mustang, through Texas, from the Gulf to the Rio Grande. Hartford, Conn., S. S. Scranton & Company, 1883. Notes: Page 466, It is estimated, that, in 1879, there were fifteen million sheep in Texas. In Nueces County alone, according to the assessor's returns, there are seven hundred thousand sheep. There is no business more lucrative than sheep-raising; but, to be successful at it, the sheep-man is compelled to go out into the solitude of the Western prairies, and for years cut himself off from all society. It is profitable, but it is monotous: it pays, but it is a lonely life. The outfit of a Texas shepherd consists of two ponies, a tent cooking-vessels, and several sheep-dogs. Two men and three of four dogs can take care of from two thousand to four thousand sheep.
A1995-015.Box23.0052X Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 123 / I-17-1 (Overflow)	Lehmann, Val W. Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas: El Paso, Texas Western Press 1969. Notes: Pages 35-78, From chapter Factors in the Development of Sheep Husbandry. Large numbers of stockmen came to the Rio Grande Plain in the mid-1800's because peace between the United States and Mexico promised more stable political conditions. The major inducements, however, were land and grass, commodities which, as in other parts of the West, once were free or nearly so. Of course, ranchers and their livestock had been on the north bank of the Rio Grande since the mid-1700's, and much additional land to the north was granted to settlers in the early 1800's. Nevertheless, for at least a quarter of a century after 1836, thousands of acres in the Rio Grande Plain were vacant and open for claim. Moreover, since the Nueces Strip was now a part of the United States, many nonresident Mexican owners could be found who were willing to sell their holdings for the proverbial song. Land could be acquired for even less than a song, by the acquisition of derechos, or undivided fractional interests. Acquisition of derecho allowed legal occupation of the whole, and if the possession of questioned property now is nine-tenths of the law, possession at that time was virtually ten-tenths.
A1995-015.Box23.0073A Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 23 / I-20-3	Milton B. Newton, Jr., Certain Aspects of the Political History of Starr County, Texas (M.A. thesis, Texas College of Arts and Industries, 1964). Notes: No page given, Based on a chart: Population growth: Growth to 1910 Fairly Constant, followed by declined population Statistics 1850 - 2000 1860 - Little over 2000 1870 - around 4000 1880 - about 8000 1890 - around 10000 1900 - over 10000 1910 - around 12080 1920 - little over 10000 Notes: Page 12, More sheep, goats, horses, and mules raised earlier.
A1995-015.Box24.0011C Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 24 / I-20-3	Hinojosa, G. M. (1983). A borderlands town in transition : Laredo, 1755-1870. College Station : Texas A&M University Press, c1983. Notes: Pages 71-73, Yet, in spite of social amiability among Laredoans of all groups, some ethnic distinctions were unavailable especially in politics. In keeping with their respective expectations and with the pattern established initially, Anglo-Americans dominated county government in the early fifties, while Mexican Americans controlled the Board of Aldermen, but in the following year Mexican Americans retook all the positions and held them until 1857, when Garner W. Pierce was elected to the board. Pierce was an active member, introducing several resolutions and making nominations for appointive positions. Mexican Americans remained in control of city government, nonetheless. Toward the end of the decade they took over the county government as well. Notes: Pages 81-82, Crucial to LAredo's participation in the Civil War was the leadership of the Benavides family. Originally from Revilla, the family had moved to Laredo during the period of expansion at the turn of the century. One of the sons, Jose Maria, married into the Sanchez familys' sheep and cattle ranch during the prosperous 1850s and represented the family's interest on the cabildo. Notes: Pages 102-105, At first the American invasion did not seem to affect Laredo adversely. Indeed, the town welcomed the protection against raiding Indians provided by the army. Because the occupation was probably conceived as temporary, town leaders treated Mirabeau B. Lamar and the Americans quite sociably and cooperated in maintaining order. But when it became clear that Laredo would be severed from Mexico, local interest were jeopardized and the initial friendliness ended.
A1995-015.Box24.0027C Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 24 / I-20-3	Anders, E. (1978). Bosses under siege : the politics of South Texas during the progressive era. [Austin, Tex. : s. n.], 1978. Notes: Pages 469-472, Chapter IX - Archie Parr and Duval County As James Wells struggled to maintain his control over Cameron County politics at the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, the most enduring of all the South Texas machines took shape in Duval County. Located north of Starr County and west of Nueces County, the region remained undeveloped and sparsely populated until the 1870's as the result of recurrent Indian raids. Although the Texas legislature authorized the creation of Duval County in 1858, the local residents failed to organize a county government for another eighteen years. With the stationing of U.S. troops at San Diego, which became the county seat in 1876, and with the extension of a railroad from Corpus Christi to San Diego in 1879, American and European-born stock raisers invade the county to take advantage of the rich grassland. By the early 1880's, Duval County had emerged as one of the leading sheep-producing areas of the state. The sheep boom collapsed in the mid-1880's because of falling wool prices and an epidemic that ravaged the flocks, but not even this setback stymied the growth of the county.
A1995-015.Box24.0027K Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 24 / I-20-3	Lasater, D. (1985). Falfurrias : Ed C. Lasater and the development of South Texas. College Station : Texas A&M University Press, c1985. Notes: Pages 106-107, Duval County was sheep country when Edward Caldwell moved to the Borjas Ranch to enter the ranching business in 1875. But the days of glory for the sheep industry in that part of Texas were nearing their end, and the transition to cattle was already underway when a young cowboy named Archie Parr moved to Benavides to work on a ranch in 1882. The county was named for a Goliad martyr, B.H. Duval, but a century after its creation its notoriety was inseparably linked to another man's career. Duval County had become synonymous with the name of Parr, who became a landowner and cattleman, taking his place alongside Manuel Guerra as one of the dominant political figures in South Texas during the first years of the twentieth century. A 1954 magazine article stated: "For forty years... a man named Parr has ruled Duval County in South Texas with the power of a monarch and the aid of a gun-totting private army."
A1995-015.Box27.0001V Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 27 / I-20-4	Stambaugh, J. L., & Stambaugh, L. J. (1954). The Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. San Antonio, Naylor, c1954. Notes: Pages 104-109, The information above is given somewhat in detail to enable the reader to understand more clearly the charter of Cortina and to be better able to evaluate his claims. Some writers describe him as physically unattractive, ignorant, the "black sheep of his mother's family," a cattle thief, a bandit, the " Red Robber of the Rio Grande" and a cruel murderer; others claim there is no proof that he ever committed any peace-time crimes.
A1995-015.Box28.0056C Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 28 / I-20-4	Gift of the Rio : story of Texas' tropical borderland. (1975). Mission, Tex. : Border Kingdom Press, 1975. Notes; Page 97, from article "Were on our Way" by Daffon Van Kirk. By 1853, the height of the river boat era, regular ferries with toll fees for merchandise, animals, vehicles, and passengers were in operation at Rio Grande City, Point Isabel, Matamoros, and Brazos Island. From Padre Island, the Singer family would cross by raft to Point Isabel, then take their farm produce by ox cart to Brownsville. Notes: Page 107, from article "They all crossed at Paso Real" by Verna McKenna. First business of the first Commissioners Court, which met September 11, 1848 was that of transportation. Roads were authorized, ferries licensed, and rates set "... for each and every wheel, 25 cents a wheel' freight per barrel, six and one-half cents; sheep, goats and hogs three cents each." In February 1849 a license for a ferry at "Taylor's Crossing on the Arroyo Colorado" was issued to Hamlet Ferguson. During the next 86 years many people operated the ferry, including the King Ranch at one time.
A1995-015.Box29.0026E Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 28 / I-20-4	Corpus Christi, a history and guide. Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Texas. (1942). [Corpus Christi] Corpus Christi Caller-Times, 1942. Notes: Page 91, Prosperity had come to Corpus Christi; the community had many bright prospects. Then with the suddenness of a summer squall, in 1854 disaster struck. A fruit vessel docked, and its cargo attracted people hungry for oranges, bananas, lemons, limes, mangoes, and pineapples. Word spread; ranchers came in, together with humble sheep herders, gay vaqueros, and proprietors of country stores.
A1995-015.Box29.0053E Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 28 / I-20-4	Kelsey, A. M. (1952). Through the years; reminiscences of pioneer days on the Texas border. San Antonio, Naylor Co. [1952]. Notes: Pages 2-18, The beginning of this story dates back over one hundred years to the time when a young man and his wife moved to the Texas border in the year 1848 as pioneers and early settlers. They came in covered wagons, facing the perils of attacks by Indians and wild beasts. Pages 23-25, Through the years that intervened between the time that John Peter Kelsey and his wife moved to the Texas border and their later move to Mexico, he had, by industry and strict attention to business, been able to acquire by purchase from the owners several porciones of land which he devoted to sheep and goat raising. Pages 49-54, All of his property which had been confiscated by the Confederates was returned to him, and he was free to live and do business in the U .S .A. again. He liked Camargo so well, however, that he and Amanda continued to live there until 1877, seventeen years that had proven that both could be good neighbors. Pages 81-83, During another of Papa's terms of office as county judge, in 1884, the old courthouse at Rio Grande City, which was located on Water Street, was condemned as being unsafe. The county voted a bond issue for the construction of a new courthouse and when the bids for brick for the building came in, Papa thought the prices asked for the bricks burned at a much lower cost to the taxpayers.
A1995-015.Box29.0063C Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 29 / I-20-4	Lehmann, V. W. (1969). Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas. Texas Western Press. Notes: H. L. Kinney appointed Reuben Hobbein to recruit intelligent and industrious settlers from Europe. Settlers from Europe he "did his work well" the Afams, Almond, Bryder, Benyon, Brande, Cody, Dunn, Gibbs, Gallagher, Turlong, Holbein, Kinghorn, McIntrye, McBride, mcGregor, Neal, Raider.
A1995-015.Box3.0002B Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 3 / I-20-1	Graf, LeRoy P. The economic history of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1820-1875. Thesis (Ph.D)--Harvard University, 1942. Notes: Pages 12-13, Escandon founding Caramgo,first group to reach spot was March 5, 1749. Blas Maria de la Garza put in charge, ferry for for salt transport and 13,000 sheep.
A1995-015.Box3.0012H Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 3 / I-20-1	Lehmann, Val W. Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas: El Paso, Texas Western Press 1969. Notes: Pages 27-32 and 187-188, Castaneda cattle breed. Pages 17, Brahma cattle breeds.
A1995-015.Box3.0024J Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 3 / I-20-1	Miller, H. J. (1980). Jose de Escandon, colonizer of Nuevo Santander. Edinburg, Texas : New Santander Press, c1980. Notes: Pages 27-32, In-depth inspection of notes of the settlements in Northern Mexico and South Texas. Many stats on livestock number about horses, sheep, and cattle. Also notes on interactions with Native Americans.
A1995-015.Box30.0004B Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 30 / I-20-4	Lehmann, V. W. (1969). Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas. Texas Western Press. Notes: Page 35, Why Large numbers of stockman came in the 1850s.
A1995-015.Box30.0015N Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 30 / I-20-4	Richards, E. C. (1947). Story of Banquete, Texas : a background for the educational system. 1947. A Master's Thesis from TAMUK. Notes: Pages 26-27, This is the third story told to the author by Mrs. Wright. In the year 1850 Joe Hunted and Si Elliff, who then lived near Banquete, went back to Tennessee to visit relatives they had left behind when they came to the open range and took up a claim several years before. While they were gone, which was for several weeks, for they had to travel by horseback, which meant slow travel, their wives, Lois and Priscilla, stayed one night at the Hunter ranch and the next at the Elliff's which was just across the creek. They were young women, and each had a baby. Apparently they felt much safer together. Almost three weeks had passed, and they were beginning to have practically no fear when Mrs. Hunter saw the old sheep herder, Juan, who had been with the family years, on the porch with an ax.
A1995-015.Box31.0006A Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 31 / I-20-4	Lehmann, V. W. (1969). Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas. Texas Western Press. Notes: Page 35, Acquisition of Livestock in 1850s.
A1995-015.Box31.0065K Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 30 / I-20-4	"The Wild Horses of Texas" by Dr. John Ashton, Texas A&M College. 1947. Notes: Pages 44-45, Undoubtedly, lost or strayed horses from the initial official entradas into Texas have played a prominent role in giving rise to the immense herds of so-called "wild" or feral horses which in later years were seen by immigrants and travelers on the prairies of Texas. Don Alonso de Leon, Governor of Coahuila, under whose jurisdiction was included the territory of Texas, set out in the spring of 1689 to find, among other things, the site of the ill-fated La Salle camp. Notes: Pages 98-120, Spaniards... The Comanches catch and tame these wild horses, and when unsuccessful in the chase, subsist upon them. In the original, Lexington, Ky., edition, published in 1836, Mrs. Holley writes interestingly, pages 66-67, on conditions in general as she found them, as follows: The extensive natural pastures found in the prairies furnish peculiar facilities for rearing horses, black cattle, hogs, sheep and goats. They require no attention but to be branded and prevented from straying too far from home and becoming wild.
A1995-015.Box31.0081X Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 30 / I-20-4	Inglis, J. M. (1964). A history of vegetation on the Rio Grande plain. Austin, TX : Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 1964. Notes: Page 25, Barlett gave a vivid account of his travels in Brooks County. After leaving Santa Teresa, which must have been near the common corner of southern Jim Hogg and Brroks Counties, he stated that the road was heavy and that the country was "an open rolling prairie dotted with clusters of mesquite and oak and covered with luxuriant grass" all the way to his camp, near the geographic center of Brooks County. The next day the rolling prairie continued "without trees an shrubbery, save a little motte here and there" to Los Olmos Creek near present Falfurrias. In the county, Bartlett saw ducks, geese, antelope, deer and wild horses. Notes: Pages 86-89, Animals Referred to by Travelers American travelers during the nineteenth century appeared to show a greater interest in the numbers and kinds of game animals encountered in South Texas than did the Spaniards of earlier days. This may have resulted from the fact that they tended to live off the land during their travels more than did the Spaniards, who were always accompanied by herds of cattle and sheep or goats. The result was that more interesting facts came out of our collation of comments about wild animals observed during the later period than during the period of Spanish explorations.
A1995-015.Box32.0035AH Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	"John McAllen, Scotsman Invader's 1852" by John Preston. Edinburgh Daily Review Dec. 7, 1950. Notes: Ranching - John Young - Hidalgo -1850 Records revealed that Young grazed as many as 5,000 head of cattle and sheep on this vast ranch in 1857
A1995-015.Box32.0035AO Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	De León, A. (1985). The Tejano community, 1836-1900. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press, 1985 (1992 printing). Notes: Pages 77-79, Mexican Ranchers - after 1848 A. Native of social order 1. racial order that left little 2. get a respectable list of Tejanos surmounted the forces to emerge as successful rancheros B. Emergence of entrepreneurial class 1. For, despite systematic dispossession by Anglos following the Texas Revolution and Mexican War, Mexican Americans retained their holdings legally, or bought new lands that they connected into farms or cattle and sheep ranchos
A1995-015.Box32.0035AX Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	"Mc Allen's founder, with rifle at ride, carried career and fortune" Mc Allen Valley Morning Monitor, October 28, 1959. Notes: Ranching - John Young - Hidalgo - 1850's Numerous lands of mustangs, longhorns and sheep grazed the rocky hills covered with underbrush or in the grassy plains and (mesas?). Records reveal that John Young grazed over five head of cattle and a large number of sheep on his vast ranch in 1857
A1995-015.Box32.0035BC Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	50th anniversary : Jim Hogg County. (1963). Hebbronville : The Chamber, [1963?]. Notes: Page not given, Prior to 1860 the chief livestock industry was sheep and goats with only a little horse raising. At this time there was no demand for cattle and no outlet. Early settlers brought a few cattle with them, but only for meat and hides. Most were the old Longhorns which were able to survive the periods of drought and the scarcity of food. These cattle were left much to themselves and they increased rapidly but became wild and hard to handle. The early settlers had their share of cattle stealing. Men moved around the country, slaughtering cattle - branded and unbranded - and many herds were driven into Mexico by bandits.
A1995-015.Box32.0035BG Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Grimm, A. G. (1985). Llanos Mesteñas : Mustang plains. Waco, Tex. : Texian Press, 1985, c1968. Notes: Page 4, By 1850, great numbers of sheep had been brought into deep South Texas. These animals, by their grazing habits of pulling up shallow-rooted plants and by very closely cropping others, helped denude the land so that mesquite trees and other shrubby plants could more easily take root.
A1995-015.Box32.0035BK Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Taylor, P. S. (1971). An American-Mexican frontier, Nueces County, Texas. New York, Russell & Russell [1971]. Notes: Page 71, With the close of the war in 1848, and the cessation of guerrilla warfare,the land grants of the Mexican cattlemen had begun to reestablish the cattle industry, which had been practically abandoned from the time of the Texas revolution. Thus was created a new economic basis for prosperity for Corpus Christi and its surrounding territory. Page 73, The main trends in the cattle and sheep industries appear from the figures in table 1. Incomplete assessment undoubtedly renders the figures defective, but they are the best indices available. A further complication arises from changes in county boundaries in 1876, 1911, and 1913. Page 75, The conflicting interests and view points of the various economic groups appear from extant contemporary records preceding, during, and at the end of the enclosure movement. In 1857, for example, the Nueces Valley Weekly made comment on the influx of cattlemen without lands, which naturally was not pleasing to the landowners.
A1995-015.Box32.0035C Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Lehmann, V. W. (1969). Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas. Texas Western Press Notes: Page 133, Grazing A. Many Ranches along the Rio Grande, 1848 1. were still in business B. Mexican owners 1. Some of them later reclaimed operations between Rio Grande and the Nueces
A1995-015.Box32.0035CH Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Anders, E. (1978). Bosses under siege : the politics of South Texas during the progressive era. [Austin, Tex. : s. n.], 1978. Notes: Pages 11-12, The impact of the commercial activity in the Valley reached beyond the border towns of the Rio Grande. With the sizable profits from smuggling, legitimate trade, and steamboat shipping, many of the American entrepreneurs invested heavily in land. Mifflin Kenedy, Richard King, and others pieced together vast ranching empires during the 1850's. These men eventually revolutionized the economics of South Texas ranching with the introduction of fencing, cattle drives to Kansas, large-scale sheep raising, and the scientific breeding of livestock.
A1995-015.Box32.0035CX Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Montejano, D. (1987). Anglos and Mexicans in the making of Texas, 1836-1986. Austin : University of Texas Press, 1987. Notes: Pages 50-71, Mexicans in Texas, especially above the Nueces, lost considerable land through outright confiscation and fraud. Below the Nueces, however, the experience of displacement was more complex. While fraud and coercion played an important part, the more systematic, more efficient mechanism of market competition also operated there. The accommodation between American mercantile groups and the Mexican upper class was, from a financial standpoint, inherently unequal; the former had "regenerative" wealth derived from trade while the latter had "fixed" wealth derived from land. The peace structure between the two elites, between "merchant capital" and "landed capital," saved some upper-class Mexicans, but it by no means forestalled the outcome of the competition between the two. Pages 72-73 shift from cattle to sheep. In the 1880's, the sheep industry began a long decline, and with it went an unknown number of Mexican fortunes; by 1890 only the counties bordering the Rio Grande had significant numbers of sheep; by 1910 the industry had almost vanished completely from South Texas. Page 326-328, References.
A1995-015.Box32.0035D Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 32 / I-20-4	Lehmann, V. W. (1969). Forgotten legions; sheep in the Rio Grande plain of Texas. Texas Western Press Notes: Page 35, A requisition of land in the 1850's A. Ranchers and their livestock 1. had been on the north bank of the Rio Grande since the mid 1700's 2. and much additional land to the north was granted to settlers in the early 1800's B. Vacant land after 1836 1. for at least a quarter of a century 2. thousands of acres vacant and open for claim C. Non- resident mexicans 1. now that the Nueces strip belongs to U.S 2. were "willing to sell their holding for the proverbial song 3. persons could acquire derecho (rights or claims by write of blood relationships) or undivided fractional interests
A1995-015.Box33.0029O Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 30 / I-20-5	Citation could possibly be, Hidalgo County Centennial Corporation, The Centennial Celebration of the Organization of Hidalgo County in Texas (Mission, Texas: Times Publishing Company, 1952). Notes: See pages 93-94, Of all the places that sprang up in the Mexican War days, none received so much applause as did Henry Clay Davis; "Rio Grande City," popularly called "Davis Landing." Davis, a Texas Ranger captain and excellent Indian fighter, located his town well. Where the Rio Grande meets the Starr County hills, the land is one of tall bluff's where an a clear day one can see up the San Juan Valley to the lofty heights of the Mexican Sierra Madre. It was, in 1846, an area of fine horses, of vast herds of black cattle, goats and sheep. From here Davis trumpeted the virtues of his settlement, extelling "its central position on the west bank of the river, fifteen miles fm Meir and five from Camargo, offers facilities to merchants engaged in the Mexican trade far surpassing any other on the "river" the city being "equidistant from Matamoros, Monterrey, Corpus Christi, Laredo and Bexar." In the summer of 1848, Fleeson found that it had "thirty houses, some of brick."
A1995-015.Box34.0006D Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	Smith, W. H. (1976). The Parr dynasty : tyrants in Texas. Alice, Tex. : Wallace H. Smith, [1976?] Notes: Pages 3-4, San Diego, named for the creek on which it was located, was founded sometime in the 1840's or early 1850's. It grew slowly but withstood the attacks of bands of lawless men who roamed the land. The town became, in time, a trading community for a large section of south Texas and the center of the largest sheep producing area in the nation. Notes: Pages 25-28, At some time near the middle of the nineteenth century settlers began to cluster a bend in the San Diego Creek and a town sprang up. The town, called San Diego and named for the creek on which it was situated, was to become a major trading center in the area, the seat of government after Duval County was organized and for many years the largest town between Corpus Christi and Laredo. The facts surrounding the settlement of the town remain something of a mystery although there are a number of versions as to its beginning. One version is that Jose Maria Garcia Flores, a grandson of Julian Flores, settled the town in 1854. A second version is that the town was started in 1848 by Pablo Perez and was first called Perezville.
A1995-015.Box34.0030D Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	Taylor, P. S. (1971). An American-Mexican frontier, Nueces County, Texas. New York, Russell & Russell [1971]. Notes: Page 74, After American possession some sheep-raising continued. Probably much of it in the early years was carried on by Mexicans in the portions of then Nueces County which were subsequently placed in other counties, where Mexicans retained their land longer than within the present county bounds. An indication of the subordinate character of the industry is the fact that no sheep appear on the assessment rolls of Nueces County until 1860, when 35,000 were reported.
A1995-015.Box34.0030E Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	The Matamoros Trade: Confederate Commerce, Diplomacy, and Intrigue. By James W. Daddysman. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984. Notes: Page 29, The decade of the 1850s also witnessed a spectacular sheep boom on the south Texas ranchlands, and it seemed that sheep would soon rival cattle in importance. Although the severe winter of 1859-1860 decimated the Texas sheep flocks, about 750,000 head remained.
A1995-015.Box34.0030F Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	Kelsey, A. M. (1952). Through the years; reminiscences of pioneer days on the Texas border. San Antonio, Naylor Co. [1952]. Notes: Page 19, One 640-acre tract was enclosed by a wolf-proof fence. In this enclosure were kept the ewes and their wee lambs. During sheep-shearing time, which was twice a year, the shearers went about the various herds under the direction of a head shearer. They were paid so much per sheep for shearing. John Peter had built a long shed with a plank floor so the wool could be kept as clean as possible. While the men were shearing his sheep, John Peter went to the ranch to see how things were shaping up. The head shearer said to him "Don Pedro, do you not know that you are losing money when you have your sheep sheared on the plank floor?"
A1995-015.Box34.0030G Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	Briscoe, E. R. (1972). A narrative history of Corpus Christi, Texas, 1519-1875. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Denver, c1972. Notes: Page 333, Sheep raising and the production of wool also showed a steady increase in the county. Large flocks of sheep from as far away as Pennsylvania were driven overland to Corpus Christi, and an English sheep rancher, who lived near the city, recorded that he helped in the shearing of 1600 sheep in a period of two days. Sheep raisers in the region became even more encouraged when the James Bryden Company reported sales for 1857 through 1860 totaling $5,567.
A1995-015.Box34.0030I Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 34 / I-20-5	Carlson, P. H. (1982). Texas woollybacks : the range sheep and goat industry. College Station : Texas A&M University Press, c1982. No notes given.
A1995-015.Box35.0009I Collection: George O. Coalson's Annotated Bibliography of South Texas Historical Resources Location: 35 / I-20-5	Lea, T., & King, R. (1957). The King Ranch Volume I. Boston, Little, Brown [1957]. Notes: Pages 51-56, Following the Mexican War, pig lead from Monterrey and Saltillo became a heavy article of export. In addition to beef hides, manifests often listed sheep, goat, deer, and even jaguar skins. A few mules, some salt, some bones and tallow were occasionally shipped to New Orleans. Late in the 1840's a "typical cargo of a New Orleans bound schooner contained 338 bales and 75 sacks of wool, 1339 beef hides, 24 bales and 50 bundles of skins, 58 bales of goat skins, 537 pigs and 164 slabs of lead, and $408,300 in specie and bullion. Page 77, Richard King's business on the Rio Grande was essentially that of a carrier, not a merchant. His interest in goods was their transportation, not their trade. He never became a trader, and he does not appear to have been called to that avocation of traders, the smuggling of goods. It is improbable that he concerned himself with any moral standard of conduct in smuggling or not smuggling. Page 81, The two large factions of Mexican politics, each composed of various shifting parties and powers, and each guilty of corruption and faithlessness, were the Centralist and the Federalist forces.